volume: issue, issue:
In today's modern forestry, which is founded on sustainable management and development, it is essential to carry out the design phase of forest roads with quality, both for financial and environmental reasons. The basis for this is high-quality field data. This research tested available and potentially suitable methods for field surveys in the process of designing a forest road, including the classical survey method, GNSS and total station survey, as well as structure from motion and airbone lidar scanning survey. A total of 23 forest road designs were created through 3 design methods. Four important forest road parameters were tested: cut and fill volume, carriageway value and roadway width. No statistically significant difference was found for any of the tested parameters between the methods. Total station and ALS-based designs showed the lowest values of cut and fill volumes, 2.41 m3 and 2.54 m3 for the total station design, and 3.20 m3 and 2.47 m3 for the ALS design. Although some deviations were found between SfM designs based on different flight parameters, they were not significant. The results indicate the possibility of using all tested methods in forest areas with steep terrain, after a salvage logging has been performed. Also, by using three design methods and testing their results provides guidance how to test different measurement systems in the future when designing forest roads.
volume: 47, issue: 2
In today's modern forestry, which is founded on sustainable management and development, it is essential to carry out the design phase of forest roads with quality, both for financial and environmental reasons. The basis for this is high-quality field data. This research tested available and potentially suitable methods for field surveys in the process of designing a forest road, including the classical survey method, GNSS and total station survey, as well as structure from motion and airbone lidar scanning survey. A total of 23 forest road designs were created through 3 design methods. Four important forest road parameters were tested: cut and fill volume, carriageway value and roadway width. No statistically significant difference was found for any of the tested parameters between the methods. Total station and ALS-based designs showed the lowest values of cut and fill volumes, 2.41 m3 and 2.54 m3 for the total station design, and 3.20 m3 and 2.47 m3 for the ALS design. Although some deviations were found between SfM designs based on different flight parameters, they were not significant. The results indicate the possibility of using all tested methods in forest areas with steep terrain, after a salvage logging has been performed. Also, by using three design methods and testing their results provides guidance how to test different measurement systems in the future when designing forest roads.
